![]() ![]() Shoulder knots with no insignia designated second lieutenants. Since majors already wore gold oak leaves, maintaining the current policy was also logical. Since generals, colonels, and lieutenant colonels already wore silver, changing the insignia of first lieutenants and captains from gold to silver was logical. ![]() In 1872, the army began to use shoulder knots instead of epaulettes. ĭuring the American Civil War, all lieutenant colonels were directed to wear a silver oak leaf with gold braid on the epaulette, and all majors a gold leaf with silver braid. All second lieutenants wore epaulettes with no insignia. Infantry officers wore silver epaulettes, while other branches wore gold, and their rank insignia was the opposite color of their epaulettes, so Infantry first lieutenants and captains wore gold bars. Beginning in the 1830s, colonels wore silver eagles, with the color likely chosen because general officers already wore silver. Beginning in 1780, general officer rank was designated by silver stars. In terms of heraldic tradition, insignia changes over time created the situation of silver outranking gold. Company grade includes second lieutenant, first lieutenant, and captain. Field grade includes major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel. General officers encompass the ranks from brigadier general up. ![]() The commissioned officers ranks of the United States Army can be split into three categories, from highest to lowest: general officers, field grade officers and company grade officers. ![]()
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